Screw Lead and Pitch Calculator

Find how far a screw advances in one full turn based on its pitch and number of thread starts.

How it is calculated

The tool multiplies the thread pitch by the number of thread starts: lead = pitch × starts. Pitch is the distance between neighbouring thread crests in millimetres. Lead is how far the screw or nut advances in one full turn, and it is shown in millimetres with two decimals. For a single-start thread lead and pitch are equal. A second line repeats the pitch you entered, rounded to two decimals. Pitch must be above zero and starts must be a whole number of at least 1: 0, or a fraction such as 2.5, gives no result, just as a real thread cannot have half a start. The tool converts nothing from inches, so a thread given in threads per inch must be converted to a pitch in millimetres first.

Worked example

A lead screw has a thread pitch of 2 mm and 4 starts. Lead: 2 × 4 = 8.00 mm. Every full turn moves the nut 8 mm along the axis, while neighbouring crests are still 2 mm apart. The tool displays a lead of 8.00 mm and a pitch of 2.00 mm. With 1 start, the same 2 mm pitch would give a lead of 2.00 mm, so the nut would move four times slower.

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Common mistakes

  • Using lead and pitch as if they were the same on a multi-start screw. A 2 mm pitch with 4 starts advances 8 mm per turn, not 2 mm.
  • Entering the lead into the pitch field. The tool would then multiply it by the starts again and report a lead that is several times too high.
  • Typing threads per inch as the pitch. A thread of 10 threads per inch has a pitch of 2.54 mm, which is 25.4 ÷ 10, and typing 10 gives 10 mm.
  • Entering a fractional number of starts such as 2.5. The tool shows no result because a real thread cannot have half a start.
  • Counting the grooves visible along the length instead of the starts. The number of starts is how many separate thread ends you see at the screw tip.

About this calculator

A screw thread's pitch is the axial distance between adjacent thread crests, while its lead is the axial distance the screw advances in one complete revolution. For a single-start thread the two are identical, but for a multi-start thread, where two or more parallel helical grooves run side by side around the shaft, the lead equals the pitch multiplied by the number of starts: lead = pitch × number of starts.

Mechanical designers rely on this relationship when specifying lead screws and ball screws for linear-motion systems — 3D printer Z-axes, CNC machine tables, and precision jacks — because a multi-start screw delivers faster linear travel per revolution than a single-start screw of the same pitch, trading some self-locking friction for speed, which matters when choosing between a leadscrew that needs a motor brake and one that holds position under load on its own.

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