Reverberation Time (RT60) Calculator

Enter room volume, surface area, and absorption to estimate RT60.

Result

0.54 s
60.00 sabins
Balanced

How it is calculated

The tool uses Sabine's formula for the time sound takes to fade by 60 dB. It first finds the total absorption, A = S × α, where S is the total surface area of the room in m² (floor, walls and ceiling together) and α is the average absorption coefficient between 0 and 1. Then RT60 = 0.161 × V ÷ A seconds, with V the room volume in m³. The absorption is shown in sabins (m²), and the result is labelled by value: under 0.5 s is dead, 0.5 to 1.0 s balanced, above 1.0 s live.

Volume and surface must be above zero, and α must be above 0 and at most 1. The surface is also checked for geometry: no shape can enclose a volume V with less surface than a sphere, about 4.84 × V2/3 m² (roughly 166 m² for 200 m³), so a smaller surface gives no result. Sabine's formula works best in rooms with fairly even absorption and is less accurate when α is high.

Worked example

Take a room of 200 m³ with 240 m² of total surface and an average absorption coefficient of 0.25. The total absorption is 240 × 0.25 = 60.00 sabins. Then RT60 = 0.161 × 200 ÷ 60 = 32.2 ÷ 60 = 0.54 s. That lies between 0.5 and 1.0 s, so the tool describes the room as balanced. If the same room were treated so that α rose to 0.5, absorption would double to 120 sabins and RT60 would halve to 0.27 s, which the tool labels dead.

Try this example →

Common mistakes

  • Using the floor area instead of the total surface. S is the sum of all boundaries, floor, ceiling and four walls. A floor-only figure usually falls below the smallest surface that can enclose the volume, so you get no result at all (200 m³ with an 80 m² floor is refused).
  • Using the absorption coefficient of one material for the whole room. The coefficient must be the area-weighted average of every surface and any furniture, otherwise a single soft ceiling will mislead you.
  • Entering volume in litres, feet or cubic feet. The constant 0.161 is for metric units: m³ and m².
  • Typing the coefficient as a percent. 25% is 0.25; 25 or any value above 1 gives no result, and so does 0.
  • Applying the result to very absorbent rooms. Sabine's formula becomes unreliable when the average coefficient is high, so treat a result such as 0.13 s as a rough indication.

About this calculator

RT60 is the time it takes for sound in a room to decay by 60 decibels after the source stops — the standard measure of how “live” or “dead” a space sounds. The classic estimate is Sabine’s formula, RT60 = 0.161 × V / A (metric units), where V is the room’s volume in cubic meters and A is the total sound absorption in sabins, calculated by summing each surface’s area times its absorption coefficient α (Σ Sᵢαᵢ) across floor, walls, ceiling, and furnishings.

Architectural acousticians use RT60 as a primary design target: concert halls typically aim for 1.8-2.2 seconds to give orchestral music warmth and blend, recording studios and voice-over booths aim much shorter (under 0.5s) for clarity and to avoid muddying dialogue, and classrooms are designed for short RT60 specifically because excessive reverberation degrades speech intelligibility for students.

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