Polynomial Addition Calculator

Enter the coefficients of two polynomials to add them.

How it is calculated

Each polynomial is a list of coefficients written from the highest power down to the constant term, separated by spaces, commas or semicolons. So 3 -2 0 5 means 3x³ − 2x² + 0x + 5. Both lists are aligned at the constant term, the shorter one is padded with zeros on the high-degree side, and the coefficients are added position by position: ck = ak + bk. Leading zeros in the sum are dropped, so if the top terms cancel the degree falls, and a total cancellation gives a single 0 with degree 0. Missing powers must be entered as 0. Decimals use a dot on this page. Anything that is not a number, an empty list, or a coefficient too large to show exactly (above about 9 × 1015) gives no result. Coefficients are shown to at most four decimals with trailing zeros removed.

Worked example

Add 3x³ − 2x² + 5 and 4x² + x − 7. The first is entered as 3 -2 0 5 (the 0 stands for the missing x term) and the second as 4 1 -7. Align them from the right: the second becomes 0 4 1 -7. Add position by position: 3 + 0 = 3, −2 + 4 = 2, 0 + 1 = 1, 5 − 7 = −2. The result is 3, 2, 1, -2, that is 3x³ + 2x² + x − 2, with degree 3.

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Common mistakes

  • Leaving out a coefficient for a missing power. Writing 3 -2 5 for 3x³ − 2x² + 5 gives a quadratic, so type the 0 for the x term.
  • Entering the coefficients from the lowest power up. The tool expects the highest power first, so reversed lists give the wrong polynomial.
  • Using a decimal comma such as 1,5 on the English page. A comma separates coefficients here, so 1,5 is read as the two numbers 1 and 5 and the degree comes out one higher than intended; write 1.5.
  • Expecting the degree of the sum to be the larger of the two degrees. When the leading terms cancel, the degree is lower, and 2 3 plus −2 −3 gives just 0.
  • Typing the variable or exponents, for example 3x^3. The fields take only numbers, and text shows no result.

About this calculator

Adding two polynomials means combining like terms — the coefficients of matching powers of x are added together, while terms of a degree that appears in only one polynomial simply carry over unchanged. Working with polynomials as ordered lists of coefficients, aligned by degree from highest to lowest (or lowest to highest, depending on convention), makes this addition mechanical: pad the shorter list with zeros where needed and add position by position.

This operation underlies algebra coursework on polynomial arithmetic, but it also shows up wherever quantities are modeled as polynomials in applied math and engineering — combining transfer functions in control systems, adding series expansions in physics, or working with polynomial representations inside a computer algebra system, all reduce to the same coefficient-by-coefficient addition.

Enter the coefficients of two polynomials and the calculator aligns them by degree and returns the coefficients of their sum.

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