Physics, Chemistry & Astronomy
307 tools · page 4 of 6
- Relativistic Doppler Calculator Calculate the relativistic Doppler-shifted frequency of light from a moving source.
- Orbital Energy Calculator Computes the specific orbital energy (ε = −μ/2a) of a body orbiting a central mass from the central mass and semi-major axis.
- Displacement from Velocity-Time Compute displacement and final velocity from initial velocity, constant acceleration and elapsed time using kinematics.
- Heat Energy Required (Q=mcΔT) Compute the heat energy needed to change the temperature of a substance from its mass, specific heat and temperature change.
- Right Ascension to Degrees Converter Convert a right ascension expressed in hours, minutes and seconds to degrees (15° per hour). Essential for telescope pointing and converting between equatorial coordinate formats.
- Convective Heat Transfer Calculator Computes the convective heat transfer rate q = h·A·ΔT from the heat transfer coefficient, surface area and temperature difference.
- Single-Slit Diffraction Calculator Calculate the diffraction minima angle and fringe position on a screen for light through a single slit (a·sinθ = mλ).
- Standard Cell EMF Calculator Computes the standard cell potential (EMF) from the cathode and anode standard reduction potentials.
- Decay Constant Calculator Finds the decay constant λ = ln(2)/half-life and the mean lifetime τ from a given half-life.
- Manometer Pressure Reading Calculator Calculates the pressure read from a liquid-column manometer using P = ρ·g·h, with results in Pa, kPa and mmHg.
- Hubble Distance from Redshift Calculator Calculate the distance to a galaxy from its recession velocity using Hubble’s law, d = v ⁄ H₀, in megaparsecs and million light-years. A cornerstone of observational cosmology.
- Ka to pKa Calculator Ka, the acid dissociation constant, expressed on the logarithmic pKa scale with pKa = −log10(Ka) rounded to two decimals.
- Projectile Launch Angle Calculator Finds the two launch angles needed to hit a target at a given range on level ground for a projectile.
- Angular Momentum Calculator Calculate the angular momentum of a particle from its mass, velocity and radius.
- Gas Moles Calculator Calculate the number of moles of an ideal gas from pressure, volume and temperature using n = PV/RT, and see the equivalent number of molecules.
- Percent Composition Calculator Calculate the mass percent of a component from its mass and the total mass.
- Pump Hydraulic Power Calculator Calculates pump hydraulic power P = ρ·g·Q·H and required shaft power from flow rate, head and efficiency.
- Angular Size Calculator Calculate the angular size of an object from its actual size and distance.
- Summer Heat Index Calculator Compute the NWS heat index (apparent 'feels-like' temperature) from air temperature and relative humidity, with a risk category.
- Hooke's Law Force Calculator Calculates the restoring force of a spring using Hooke's Law F = k·x and the stored elastic potential energy ½·k·x² from the spring constant and displacement.
- Magnifying Power Calculator Calculate the magnifying power of a magnifying glass from its focal length.
- Thermal Stress Calculator Calculate the thermal stress in a fully restrained member: σ = E·α·ΔT, where E is Young’s modulus, α the thermal expansion coefficient and ΔT the temperature change. Important for pipes, rails and bridge design.
- Acoustic Beat Period Calculator Computes the beat frequency, beat period, and beats per minute produced when two tones of slightly different frequencies sound together.
- Lorentz Force Calculator Computes the Lorentz force on a charge from electric and magnetic fields, F = qE + qvB·sin(θ).
- Surface Tension Force Calculator Computes the force needed to pull a wire against a two-surface liquid film using F = 2·γ·L.
- Friction Force Calculator Calculate the friction force on an object from the coefficient of friction and its mass.
- Area Thermal Expansion Calculator Calculate the change in area of a material when heated or cooled: ΔA = 2αAΔT, where α is the linear expansion coefficient. See the area change and the new area.
- Bouguer Anomaly Calculator Compute the Bouguer gravity anomaly from observed and theoretical gravity using free-air and Bouguer corrections for elevation and crustal density.
- Carbon-14 Dating Calculator Estimate the age of a sample from the percentage of carbon-14 remaining, using the 5,730-year half-life of ¹⁴C.
- Surface Gravity Calculator Calculate the surface gravity of a planet or body from its mass and radius (Earth = 1).
- Wien's Displacement Law Calculator Calculate the peak emission wavelength of a blackbody from its temperature using Wien's law.
- Brewster's Angle Calculator Calculate Brewster's angle (the polarizing angle) from the two refractive indices.
- Sound Distance Falloff Calculator Calculates the sound pressure level at a new distance using the inverse-square law: L2 = L1 − 20·log10(d2/d1).
- Entropy Change of an Ideal Gas Calculator Calculates the entropy change of an ideal gas from its temperature and volume change using ΔS = nCv·ln(T2/T1) + nR·ln(V2/V1).
- Mass Spec m/z Ratio Calculator Computes the observed m/z for a protonated ion from its neutral mass and charge state.
- Airmass Calculator Calculate the atmospheric airmass for an astronomical object from its altitude above the horizon.
- Moment of Inertia of Particles Calculator Calculates the moment of inertia of a system of point particles as the sum of each mass times its distance squared.
- Decibel Distance Calculator Calculates the sound pressure level at a new distance using the inverse-square law, SPL2 = SPL1 − 20·log10(d2/d1).
- Projectile Position at Time Calculator Calculates the horizontal and vertical position of a projectile at a specific time from its initial velocity and launch angle.
- Stirling Cycle Efficiency Calculator Calculate the ideal thermal efficiency of a Stirling cycle with perfect regeneration, which equals the Carnot limit between two temperatures.
- Adiabatic Lapse Rate Calculator Computes how much a rising air parcel cools using the dry or moist adiabatic lapse rate.
- Average Velocity Calculator Calculate average velocity in m/s and km/h from displacement and time.
- Inclined Plane Acceleration Calculator Compute the acceleration of an object sliding down an inclined plane from the incline angle, friction coefficient, and gravity.
- Mixing Solutions Calculator Computes the final concentration when two solutions of different volumes and concentrations are mixed together.
- Volume Percent Solution Calculator Calculates the volume/volume percent (v/v%) of a solution from the solute and solvent volumes, plus the total volume.
- Magnetic Force Calculator Calculate the magnetic force on a moving charge from charge, velocity, field and angle.
- Coriolis Acceleration Calculator Computes the Coriolis acceleration on a moving object from its velocity, latitude, and the planet's angular velocity (Earth's Ω = 7.2921e-5 rad/s by default).
- Strong Acid pH Calculator Calculates the pH and pOH of a strong monoprotic acid solution from its molar concentration using pH = -log10[H+].
- Acoustic Impedance Calculator Calculate the characteristic acoustic impedance of a medium: Z = density × speed of sound (in rayls). It governs how sound reflects and transmits between media — key in ultrasound.
- Bohr Model Energy Calculator Calculate the energy of an electron level in a hydrogen-like atom using the Bohr model.
- Resultant of Two Forces Calculator Computes the resultant magnitude and direction of two forces acting at a given angle using the parallelogram law.
- Sound Wavelength Frequency Calculator Calculates the wavelength of a sound wave from its frequency and the speed of sound (default 343 m/s in air), plus the wave period.
- Molality from Molarity Calculator Converts a solution's molarity (mol/L) to molality (mol/kg) using its density and the solute's molar mass.
- Wave Speed Calculator Calculate wave speed from frequency and wavelength.
- Lapse Rate Temperature Calculator Estimate the air temperature at a higher altitude from a base temperature using the environmental lapse rate.
- Equilibrium Constant from Gibbs Energy Calculator Compute the equilibrium constant K = exp(−ΔG/RT) from the Gibbs free energy change and temperature, and check reaction spontaneity.
- Normal Force on Incline Calculator Computes the normal force pressing an object into an inclined surface, plus the downslope and weight components.
- Stefan-Boltzmann Power Calculator Computes the thermal power radiated by a surface using the Stefan-Boltzmann law from emissivity, area and absolute temperature.
- Convective Heat Transfer Rate Calculator Computes the convective heat transfer rate from the heat transfer coefficient, surface area and temperature difference using Newton's law of cooling.
- Linear Thermal Expansion Calculator Calculates how much a material lengthens or shrinks with temperature using ΔL = α·L0·ΔT, plus the resulting new length.