Wire Ampacity Calculator

Estimate a wire's current capacity.

How it is calculated

The tool uses one multiplication: I = J × A, where A is the conductor's cross-sectional area (mm² for the usual metric wire sizes), J is the current density you choose for the installation (A/mm²) and I is the resulting current in amperes, shown to two decimals. There is no built-in table of materials, insulation ratings or ambient temperatures, so the density you enter carries all of that judgement: use a lower value for aluminium, bundled cables, warm locations or long continuous loads. Both inputs must be greater than zero; a zero or negative value gives no result. Cable standards differ from country to country, so treat the answer as an estimate and check the official ampacity tables for the real installation.

Worked example

Suppose a copper conductor of 2.5 mm² and you decide to allow a density of 6 A/mm². The calculation is I = 6 × 2.5. Six amperes for every square millimetre across two and a half square millimetres gives 15 A, and the tool displays it as 15.00 A. If you halve the area to 1.25 mm² at the same density the result halves too, because the relationship is strictly proportional.

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Common mistakes

  • Entering the wire diameter instead of the cross-sectional area. A 1.8 mm round conductor is about 2.5 mm² in area, and typing 1.8 would underestimate the current by roughly a third.
  • Mixing units, for example area in mm² with a density given per cm² or per circular mil. The tool just multiplies, so a unit mismatch gives a result that is off by a factor of 100 or more.
  • Using the same density for every case. Aluminium, bundled conductors, high ambient temperature and enclosed conduit all need a lower density than a single copper wire in free air.
  • Reading the result as the breaker rating. The breaker or fuse protects the cable and must be chosen against the cable's tabulated ampacity and the load, not simply set equal to this estimate.
  • Ignoring voltage drop on long runs. A wire can be within its current capacity and still lose too much voltage over distance, which this tool does not check.

About this calculator

A wire's current-carrying capacity, or ampacity, can be estimated as I = J·A, where J is the current density the conductor material can safely sustain (typically a few amperes per square millimeter for copper, lower for aluminum) and A is the wire's cross-sectional area. Real-world ampacity tables (such as those in the NEC or IEC standards) refine this basic relationship further by accounting for insulation type, ambient temperature, and how many conductors are bundled together, since heat dissipation — not just raw cross-section — ultimately limits safe current.

Electricians use ampacity calculations to select the correct wire gauge for a circuit so it doesn't overheat or pose a fire risk, electrical engineers use it when designing power distribution systems and sizing conductors for motors or panels, and DIY homeowners doing wiring projects use it as a starting reference before checking official code tables for their exact installation conditions.

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