Speaker Delay Alignment Calculator

Enter the two speaker distances and air temperature to get the delay.

Result

43.70 ms
343.21 m/s
15.00 m

How it is calculated

First the speed of sound is found from air temperature: c = 331.3 × √(1 + T / 273.15), with T in °C and c in m/s. Then the path difference between the two speakers is taken as an absolute value: Δd = |d2 − d1| in metres, and the delay is t = Δd / c × 1000 milliseconds. The result does not say which speaker is which: the delay always belongs on the speaker that is closer to the listener, and the farther one gets none. If the temperature is left blank the engine assumes 20 °C; a temperature below −100 or above 150 °C gives no result. Distances must be zero or more; equal distances give 0 ms.

Worked example

Speaker A is 10 m from the listening position, speaker B is 25 m away, and the air is 20 °C. Speed of sound: 331.3 × √(1 + 20 / 273.15) = 343.21 m/s. Distance difference: 25 − 10 = 15.00 m. Delay: 15 / 343.21 × 1000 = 43.70 ms. So the closer speaker A is delayed by 43.70 ms in the processor, and both wavefronts reach the listener together.

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Common mistakes

  • Measuring distances between the two speakers instead of from each speaker to the listening position. Only the two listener distances matter.
  • Putting the delay on the far speaker. The delay is added to the speaker nearer the listener so it waits for the far one.
  • Entering the temperature in °F. The field expects °C, and a value like 68 would give a speed of sound far too high.
  • Using the 20 °C default for an outdoor show on a cold or hot day. For 15 m of path difference, 0 °C gives 45.28 ms and 30 °C gives 42.98 ms, so the 20 °C default is off by a couple of milliseconds.
  • Entering feet in a metre field. The distances are metres, so 50 ft must be typed as about 15.2.

About this calculator

When two speakers — like a main PA and a delay fill, or a subwoofer and a main cabinet — sit at different distances from the same listening position, sound from the closer one arrives first, causing comb filtering and a smeared, unfocused sound image. Time alignment fixes this by electronically delaying the closer speaker's signal so both wavefronts arrive together, using the speed of sound at the venue's air temperature: 331.3 × √(1 + T/273.15) meters per second, with T in °C (about 343 m/s at 20 °C), then delay = distance difference ÷ speed of sound.

Live sound engineers, PA system installers, and house-of-worship or venue tech teams run this calculation whenever they set up distributed speaker systems or subwoofer arrays, dialing the computed delay into a digital signal processor or amplifier's delay line so the audience doesn't hear a doubled or hollow-sounding mix.

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