Siri Body Fat Equation Calculator

Enter your body density and weight to see body fat percentage, fat mass and lean mass.

How it is calculated

The tool applies the Siri equation to a measured body density: body fat % = 495 / density − 450, with density in g/cm³ (for example 1.05). Fat mass is weight × body fat % / 100 and lean mass is weight − fat mass, both in kilograms, so enter weight in kg. The density has to come from a measurement such as underwater weighing or air-displacement plethysmography; the tool cannot estimate it from height and weight. Only densities between 0.9 and 1.2 and weights between 2 and 650 kg are accepted; anything else gives no result. If the formula gives a value below 0, the result is clamped to 0 % (and to 100 % at the top end). Siri assumes fixed tissue densities, so individual results can differ from the real value by a few percentage points.

Worked example

Body density 1.05 g/cm³, weight 80 kg. Step 1: 495 / 1.05 = 471.43. Step 2: body fat = 471.43 − 450 = 21.43%. Step 3: fat mass = 80 × 0.2143 = 17.14 kg. Step 4: lean mass = 80 − 17.14 = 62.86 kg. A lower density would mean more fat: at 1.03 the same formula gives 30.58 %.

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Common mistakes

  • Entering body density in kg/m³ (1050) or as a percentage. The field expects g/cm³, a value near 1.0 to 1.1; anything outside 0.9 to 1.2 gives no result.
  • Entering weight in pounds. Fat and lean mass are labelled in kg, so a weight in pounds gives wrong masses even though the percentage stays the same.
  • Using a density from a bathroom scale or an estimate. The equation is only as good as the underwater or air-displacement measurement behind it.
  • Skipping the correction for air in the lungs in underwater weighing. An uncorrected density comes out too low and the fat percentage too high.
  • Reading a 0.00% result as real. Densities above about 1.10 give a formula value at or below zero (1.15 shows 0.00%), which the tool clamps to 0 %; it means the input is unrealistic, not that you have no fat.

About this calculator

The Siri equation, published by physicist William Siri in 1961, converts a person's body density into body fat percentage using a two-component model of the body: fat mass, with a density of about 0.9 g/cm³, and fat-free mass (muscle, bone, water, organs), with a density of about 1.1 g/cm³. The formula is body fat % = (495 ÷ body density) − 450, where body density is usually measured by hydrostatic (underwater) weighing or air-displacement plethysmography (a Bod Pod).

Exercise physiologists, sports scientists and researchers use the Siri equation because it is more accurate than skinfold or bioelectrical-impedance estimates when precise body density is available, though it assumes constant tissue densities that can vary slightly by age, sex and ethnicity — which is why the related Brozek equation is sometimes used as a cross-check.

This calculator takes your measured body density and body weight and returns your body fat percentage along with your fat mass and lean (fat-free) mass in absolute units, using the classic Siri formula.

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