LED Series Resistor Calculator
Enter your supply voltage, LED forward voltage and current to size the resistor.
Result
How it is calculated
The tool uses Ohm's law on the voltage left over after the LED: R = (Vs − Vf) ÷ I, with Vs the supply voltage in volts, Vf the LED forward voltage in volts and I the target current. The current is typed in milliamps and converted to amps (÷ 1000). It also gives the resistor's power P = (Vs − Vf) × I and the LED's power Vf × I, both in watts. The supply must be higher than the forward voltage and the current must be above zero, otherwise there is no result. The ohm value is exact, not rounded to a standard resistor series, so pick the next higher standard value.
Worked example
A red LED (forward voltage 2 V) runs from a 5 V supply at 20 mA. Voltage across the resistor: 5 − 2 = 3 V. Current in amps: 20 ÷ 1000 = 0.02 A. Resistance: 3 ÷ 0.02 = 150.00 Ω. Resistor power: 3 × 0.02 = 0.0600 W. LED power: 2 × 0.02 = 0.0400 W. A 150 Ω resistor is a common standard value, so it can be used as is.
Common mistakes
- Entering the current in amps. The field is in milliamps, so 0.02 would be read as 0.02 mA and give a 150,000 Ω resistor.
- Using one forward voltage for every colour. Red is near 2 V while blue and white are about 3 V or more, so a 3.3 V supply cannot drive a 3.3 V LED through a resistor and the tool gives no result.
- Rounding the resistor down to the nearest standard value. That raises the current above the target, so round up and accept slightly less brightness.
- Forgetting the supply may sag or run high. A battery that reads 4.2 V when full changes the current, so use the highest supply voltage the circuit will see.
- Ignoring resistor wattage. The result is small here, but a 12 V supply with a 2 V LED at 20 mA dissipates 0.2 W, which is too much for a tiny 0.125 W resistor.
About this calculator
An LED needs a series resistor to limit current to a safe level, since LEDs have almost no inherent resistance and will draw excessive current (and burn out) if connected directly across a supply. This calculator applies Ohm's law directly: R = (V_supply − V_forward) ÷ I_target, where V_forward is the LED's forward voltage drop (roughly 1.8-2.2V for red, 3.0-3.4V for blue or white) and I_target is the desired current, commonly 20 mA for a standard 5mm indicator LED.
Hobbyist electronics builders, students learning basic circuit design, and Arduino or microcontroller project makers use this calculation on nearly every project involving an indicator light, since picking too small a resistor shortens the LED's life or destroys it instantly, while too large a resistor makes the LED noticeably dim.
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